Endnotes
1National Center for Education Statistics, “Public Elementary and Secondary Students, Staff, Schools, and School Districts: School Year 2002-03 E.D. TAB,” NCES 2005-314, US Department of Education, 2005.
2School Violence Resource Center, “Weapons and Schools II Fact Sheet,” University of Arkansas System, June 2003.
3National Center for Education Statistics, “Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2004,” US Department of Education, 2004.
4National Institute of Justice, “Crime in the Schools: A Problem-Solving Approach” (Summary of a Presentation by Dennis Kenney, Police Executive Research Forum), August 1998.
5National Center for Education Statistics, “Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2005,” NCJ 210697, November 2005.
6H.R. 3344, S.1925, S.1930.
7National Center for Education Statistics, “Digest of Education Statistics 2003,” NCES 2005-025, US Department of Education, December 2004. (Numbers are for the 2001-02 school year.)
8Security On Campus, Inc. “Clery Act History,” n.d. <http://www.securityoncampus.org/schools/cleryact/cleryact.html>, accessed on 08/03/2007.
9NIBRS Volume 1: Data Collection Guidelines, Federal Bureau of Investigation, August 2000.
10Technical note for those who wish to replicate the study: NIBRS Data Element #9–Location Type, Code 22–School/College (includes university).
11Technical note for those who wish to replicate the study: NIBRS Data Element #13–Weapon/Force Involved, Weapon Type Codes 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, respectively.
12Please refer to NIBRS Volume 2: Data Submission Specifications, Federal Bureau of Investigation, May 1992, for more details on time-window submissions.
13The term known offender does not imply that the identity of the suspect is known, but only that a characteristic of the suspect has been identified, which distinguishes him/her from an unknown offender.
14Law enforcement may report a range of ages. NIBRS reports the midpoint of the age range (e.g., offender age 25-35 is reported as 30).
15UCR race reporting guidelines for NIBRS Data Element #39–Race (of offender) follow the minimally accepted standards established by OMB Directive 15. The NIBRS guidelines can be found in NIBRS Volume 1: Data Collection Guidelines, Federal Bureau of Investigation, August 2000, p. 100.
16UCR Handbook, NIBRS Edition, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1992.
17These three items are collected jointly in the NIBRS. Refer to p. 38 of the UCR Handbook, NIBRS Edition, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1992, for a detailed explanation and examples of how these items could be used in the perpetration of a crime.
18NIBRS Volume 1: Data Collection Guidelines, Federal Bureau of Investigation, August 2000, p. 69.
19Weapon types are only reported for murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, negligent homicide, justifiable homicide, kidnapping, forcible rape, forcible sodomy, sexual assault with an object, forcible fondling, robbery, aggravated assault, extortion, and weapon law violations. UCR Handbook, NIBRS Edition, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1992.
20Summing the gun categories will not yield the number of incidents with guns as there may be more than one gun type in an incident. For example, an incident may have involved the use of a rifle and a shotgun.
21The Other weapon type is an umbrella category that captures weapon types not reflected in the specific weapon type definitions.
22One or more of the offenders may have used the type indicated and one or more offenders may have used more than one type in the same offense. It should also be noted that if an offender used a type in an incident with multiple offenses, its use will be counted in the table more than once.
23Law enforcement may report a range of ages. NIBRS reports the midpoint of the age range (e.g., offender age 25-35 is reported as 30).
24These data were not tested for validity and are presented as they are found in the NIBRS database. Please see the Limitations section for more details.
25NIBRS Volume 1: Data Collection Guidelines, Federal Bureau of Investigation, August 2000, p. 104.
School Violence Index
