TWGFEX Survey of Forensic Science Laboratories (Forensic Science Communications, January 2000)
January 2000 - Volume 2 - Number 1 |
Survey of Forensic Science Laboratories by the Technical Working Group for Fire and Explosions (TWGFEX)
Instructions: The following survey contains questions related to your job responsibilities, education, training, laboratory standards and protocol, and information resources. It should take about 20 minutes to complete. Most items can be answered by both fire debris and explosives analysts, although some items, where indicated, will be applicable to, and should only be answered by, one group. This survey does ask for your name and laboratory. Providing this information is optional and requested only to ensure that in the event a second mailing of the survey is done, those who have already completed the survey will not receive a second copy. All information you provide on your survey will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. Thank you for your participation.
Name: _____________________________________________(optional)
Laboratory: __________________________________________(optional)
1. Age: ______
2. Sex: ___ Male ___ Female
3. State in which your laboratory is located: _________________________
4. Current Position (all that apply)
Fire Debris | Explosives Debris | |
---|---|---|
Analyst | ||
Analyst Supervisor | ||
Laboratory Manager | ||
Sworn public safety officer | ||
Civilian | ||
Other |
5. Laboratory type:
_____ a. Private
_____ b. Local
_____ c. State
_____ d. Federal
6. Education (indicate level of education most applicable to current position):
High School _____
2 year degree _____
4 year degree _____ BA________ BS________ Field_______
Master’s degree _____ MA________ MS________ Field______
Ph.D. _____ Field_______________
Other ___________________
7. Years of experience in your field
_____ Fire debris
_____ Explosives debris
8. What percentage of your workload is devoted to
_____ Fire debris analysis
_____ Explosives debris analysis
9. Do you feel a supervisor must have experience in the areas of fire or explosive debris analysis to manage cases in these categories?
_____ Yes
_____ No
10. In your opinion, what are the minimum number of years of experience in explosives or fire debris analysis needed to hold a supervisory position?
_____ a. 0 - 2 years
_____ b. 2 - 5 years
_____ c. 5 - 10 years
_____ d. more than 10 years
11. In your opinion, what is the minimum number of years of work experience needed for a non-explosives or non-fire debris related individual to supervise analysts?
_____ a. 0 - 2 years
_____ b. 2 - 5 years
_____ c. 5 - 10 years
_____ d. more than 10 years
12. Does your supervisor have experience in explosives or fire debris analysis?
_____ a. Yes
_____ b. No
13. Is your laboratory accredited?
_____ a. No
_____ b. Yes
If yes, by whom?____________________________
14. If your laboratory is not accredited, is your laboratory currently seeking accreditation?
_____ a. No
_____ b. Yes
If yes, by whom?____________________________
15. Do you personally have American Board of Criminalistics (ABC) certification?
_____ a. No
_____ b. Yes If yes, Diplomate _____ or Fellow ______
If a Fellow, what field _________________________
16. How much do you believe ABC certification would promote professional development in your laboratory?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very much |
17. Please list memberships in any professional organizations to which you belong:
a. __________________________________
b. __________________________________
c. __________________________________
d. __________________________________
18. Please indicate which of the following investigative activities you perform as:
Fire Debris Analyst | Explosives Analyst | Times per year | |
---|---|---|---|
Crime scene investigation | |||
Rendering situations safe | |||
Incendiary devices | |||
Intact explosives analysis | |||
Residue analysis | |||
Component evaluation | |||
Ignitable residue analysis | |||
Crime scene reconstruction | |||
Fire modeling | |||
Executing search warrants |
19. Indicate which of the following laboratory procedures you perform and how many times per year you perform each.
Procedure | Number of times per year | |
---|---|---|
Intact low explosives | ||
Intact high explosives | ||
Intact improvised explosives | ||
Post-blast low explosives | ||
Post-blast high explosives | ||
Post-blast improvised explosives | ||
Post-blast improvised explosive device components |
||
Ignitable liquid analysis | ||
Ignitable liquid residue (debris) analysis | ||
Intact incendiary device component analysis | ||
Post-ignition incendiary device component analysis |
20. Rate how important you believe each of the following courses are as part of the educational background of explosives and fire debris analysts:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very important |
Explosives Analysts:
_____ General chemistry
_____ Organic chemistry
_____ Advanced organic chemistry
_____ Analytical chemistry
_____ Inorganic chemistry
_____ Physical chemistry
_____ Introductory physics
_____ Advanced physics
_____ Instrumental analysis
_____ Advanced mathematics
_____ Other _________________Fire Debris Analysts:
_____ General chemistry
_____ Organic chemistry
_____ Advanced organic chemistry
_____ Analytical chemistry
_____ Inorganic chemistry
_____ Physical chemistry
_____ Introductory physics
_____ Advanced physics
_____ Instrumental analysis
_____ Advanced mathematics
_____ Other _________________
21. In your opinion, what is the minimum on-the-job training needed for a new explosives or fire debris analyst with no forensic experience (4-year degree, but no practical experience)?
_____ a. 0 - 2 months
_____ b. between 2 and 6 months
_____ c. 6 months - 1 year
_____ d. 1 - 2 years
_____ e. more than 2 years
22. In your opinion, what is the minimum on-the-job training needed for a new explosives or fire debris analyst who has instrumental or other forensic skills?
_____ a. None
_____ b. less than one month
_____ c. between one and six months
_____ d. six months to one year
_____ e. one to two years
_____ f. greater than two years
23. Whom do you believe is qualified to peer review new fire debris or explosives analysts? (check all that apply)
_____ a. a senior explosives or fire debris analyst
_____ b. laboratory supervisor
_____ c. an analyst with instrumentation/microscopy skills
_____ d. outside consultant in explosives or fire debris analysis
_____ e. analyst from another discipline
_____ f. other ______________
24. How important is training or coursework in the following areas for explosives and fire debris analysts?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all important or not essential |
very important or absolutely essential |
General Training: (for both fire debris and explosives analysts)
___ Laboratory safety procedures
___ Rules of evidence
___ Understanding the judicial system
___ Legal terminology and definitions
___ Courtroom procedures
___ General crime scene investigation
___ Recognition of physical evidence
___ Preservation of physical evidence
Fire Debris Analysts Only
___ Fire scene investigation
___ Analytical examination of fire debris
___ Analytical examination of ignitable liquids
___ Chemistry used in the petroleum industry
___ Fire chemistry
___ Fire dynamics
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all important or not essential |
very important or absolutely essential |
Explosives Analysts Only
____ History of explosives
____ Different types of explosives
____ Terminology and vocabulary of explosives
____ Manufacturing of explosives
____ Composition of low explosive materials
____ Composition of high explosive materials
____ Construction of commercial pyrotechnic devices
____ Construction of improvised devices
____ Construction of military devices (e.g. simulators, rockets, hand grenades)
____ Analytical examination of high and low explosive materials and residue
____ Range procedures
____ Recognition of improvised device components
25. How important is it that explosives and fire debris analysts in training attend a school in each of the following forensic areas:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very important |
_____ a. Crime scene search
_____ b. Instrumental analysis
_____ c. Chemical analysis
_____ d. Sample cleanup processes
_____ e. Explosives workshops
_____ f. Pyrotechnic devices
_____ g. Explosives microscopy
_____ h. Regional workshops on explosives analysis
26. How interested would you or other experienced analysts be in attending a school in each of the following courses of study?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very interested |
_____ a. Post-blast crime scene
_____ b. Instrumental analysis of explosives residue
_____ c. Low explosives analysis
_____ d. Advanced explosives workshops
_____ e. Advanced pyrotechnics
_____ f. Explosives microscopy
_____ g. Regional workshops on explosives analysis
27. Rate how interested you would be in taking each of the following types of continuing education courses
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very interested |
_____ a. EOD range time (e.g., training with EOD personnel)
_____ b. Specialized training in electrical circuitry
_____ c. Informational and educational seminars by
commercial explosives manufacturers
_____ d. Refresher course in analytical methodology
_____ e. Refresher course in IED recognition updates
_____ f. Funded training with federal investigative agencies
_____ g. Federally funded training with National Center for Forensic Science
_____ h. Course about collection and preservation of crime scene evidence
_____ i. Course in fire dynamics and behavior
_____ j. Course in petroleum refining
_____ k. Course in computer fire modeling
_____ l. Course in mass spectral interpretation
_____ m. Course in fire scene search
_____ n. Course on Internet resources for fire debris analysis
_____ o. Course on Internet resources for explosives analysts
_____ p. Regional training through professional associations
28. For fire debris analysts only: How important is theoretical and operational understanding of the following instrumentation for fire debris analysis?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all important or not essential |
very important or absolutely essential |
___ Gas chromatography
___ Gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy
___ High performance liquid chromatography
___ Fourier transform infrared analysis
___ Capillary electrophoresis
29. How many competency samples do you require a fire debris or explosives analyst trainee to examine prior to handling evidentiary samples under supervision?
_____ a. 1 to 5
_____ b. 6 to 10
_____ c. 11 to 15
_____ d. 16 to 20
_____ e. 20 to 30
_____ f. more than 30
30. How important is it that competency testing include each of the following components?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very important |
_____ a. Identification of unknown samples
_____ b. Written examination
_____ c. Oral examination
_____ d. Report writing
_____ e. Moot Court
_____ f. Supervised casework
31. When does your laboratory require competency tests?
_____ a. After completion of each topical area
_____ b. At the end of the entire training
_____ c. Throughout training and at the end of the entire training
_____ d. No competency testing
32. Does your laboratory conduct proficiency testing of each analyst?
_____ a. Yes
_____ b. No
33. How often does your laboratory conduct external explosives and fire debris analysis proficiency tests for each analyst?
_____ a. Never
_____ b. Every six months
_____ c. Once a year
_____ d. Once every two years
_____ e. Once every 2-5 years
34. How often does your laboratory conduct internal explosives and fire debris proficiency tests for each analyst?
_____ a. Never
_____ b. Every six months
_____ c. Once a year
_____ d. Once every two years
_____ e. Once every 2-5 years
35. If proficiency testing is done in your laboratory, which of the following procedures are used in the testing? (check all that apply)
_____ a. Open
_____ b. Single blind
_____ c. Double blind
_____ d. Reanalysis
_____ e. Sample exchange
36. Fire Debris Analysts Only: Please respond to the following statements using the scale provided
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all necessary | absolutely necessary |
___ Fire debris analysts should be familiar with the ASTM classification system
___ Fire debris analysts should be familiar with incendiary devices___ Fire debris analysts should be familiar with pyrolysis products
Questions 37-44: For Fire Debris Analysts Only. Explosives Analysts now proceed to Question 45.
37. In fire debris analyses, how often do you use each of the following sample preparation techniques?
0 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 |
||
never use this |
very seldom |
frequently |
_____ a. Solvent extraction
_____ b. Passive headspace (Activated charcoal strips)
_____ c. Dynamic headspace (Activated charcoal tubes)
_____ d. Steam or vacuum distillation
_____ e. Simple headspace
_____ f. Solid phase microextraction
38. In fire debris analyses, how often do you use the following instrumental analysis techniques?
0 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 |
||
never use this |
very seldom |
frequently |
_____ a. GC/FID
_____ b. GC/MS
_____ c. FTIR
_____ d. Other ________________________________
39. In fire debris analyses, how often do you use the following methodologies for ignitable liquid identification?
0 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 |
||
never use this |
very seldom |
frequently |
_____ a. Pattern recognition by FID alone
_____ b. Pattern recognition by TIC alone
_____ c. Pattern recognition by mass chromatography (EIC)
_____ d. Target compound analysis
_____ e. Individual component identification
_____ f. Other ______________________
40. In fire debris analyses, how often do you use the following QA/QC tests?
0 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 |
||
never use this |
very seldom |
frequently |
_____ a. ASTM 1387 test mix or similar mixture
_____ b. Internal Standards (e.g., 3-phenyltoluene)
_____ c. Solvent Blanks
_____ d. Apparatus Blanks (e.g., strips, glassware)
_____ e. Recovery Checks (e.g., simulated case extractions)
_____ f. Peer Review
_____ g. Other _____________________
41. In fire debris analyses, do you use the ASTM E-30 Committee on Forensic Science Standards (found in ASTM Volume 14.02) and ASTM guides to fire debris analysis?
_____ a. Yes
_____ b. No
If you answered yes to question 41 then please answer the following set of questions. If you answered no to item 41, please proceed directly to question 46.
42. How closely do you adhere to the following ASTM standards and guides?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
not at all |
explicitly |
_____ a. ASTM-E 1387-95 (Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography)
_____ b. ASTM-E 1618-94 (Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Extracts by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry)
_____ c. ASTM-E 1385-95 (Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Steam Distillation)
_____ d. ASTM-E 1412-95 (Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration)
_____ e. ASTM-E 1413-95 (Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration)
_____ f. ASTM-E 1388-95 (Standard Practice for Sampling of Vapors from Fire Debris Samples)
_____ g. ASTM-E 1386-95 (Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction)
_____ h. ASTM-E 1492-92 (Standard Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory)
_____ i. ASTM-E 1459-92 (Physical Evidence Labeling and Related Documentation)
43. How well does the classification scheme in ASTM-E 1387 describe results you are obtaining in your lab?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all well |
very well |
44. How well does the classification scheme in ASTM-E 1618 describe results you are obtaining in your lab?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all well |
very well |
45. For Explosives Analysts Only: In explosives analyses, how often do you use each of the following analytical techniques?
0 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
||
never |
rarely |
very often |
Chemical tests:
_____ a. Microchemical analysis_____ a1. PLM
_____ a2. Stereomicroscopy_____ b. Spot tests
_____ c. TLC_____ d. Ignition Analysis
_____ e. Field Explosives Screening
Instrumental Analyses:
_____ a. IR
_____ b. SEM – EDX
_____ c. SEM – WDX
_____ d. ICP
_____ e. XRF
_____ f. GC/MS
_____ g. HPLC
_____ h. CE
_____ i. IC
_____ j. GC/TEA
_____ k. HPLC/TEA
_____ l. GC/FID
_____ m. GC/ECD
_____ n. IMS
_____ o. NMR
0 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
||
never |
rarely |
very often |
_____ p. HPLC/MS
_____ q. Raman spectrometry
_____ r. ICP
_____ s. FTIR
_____ t. Other _______________________________
General Information (for both fire debris and explosives experts)
46. What extent of funding does your laboratory provide for continuing education and training in the field of explosives and fire debris analysis?
_____ a. full funding
_____ b. partial funding
_____ c. no funding
47. To what extent does your laboratory encourage continuing college-level coursework for each analyst?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all encouraging | very encouraging |
48. How interested would you be in taking college-level, continuing education courses via distance learning (on-line) technology?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all interested | very interested |
49. How important would each of the following resources be to you as an explosives or fire debris analyst?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all important | very important |
_____ a. Listing of people working in the field¾private and government
_____ b. Creation of a secure Internet link for E-mail and information exchange between professionals in the field of explosives and fire debris analysis
_____ c. Establishment of a collection of sample laboratory reports
_____ d. Creation of a glossary of analytical, explosives, and fire debris-related technology
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all important | very important |
_____ e. Creation of information templates for evidence submission
_____ f. Establishment of a collection of methods and protocols for analytical techniques
_____ g. Establishment of databases of reference materials for analytical techniques
_____ h. Creation of a national database for tracking bombing matters
_____ i. Creation of a national database for tracking arson matters
_____ j. Establishment of a national resource database (for lab equipment, expertise, etc.)
_____ k. Establishment of a national explosives formulation database
_____ l. Creation of a bulletin board for communication between explosives analysts
_____ m. Creation of a bulletin board for communication between fire debris analysts
_____ n. Creation of an library of manufacturers’ literature
_____ o. Database of explosives analyst training manuals and materials
_____ p. Information center for inter-agency training exercises
50. Do you currently have access to the World Wide Web and Internet resources in your laboratory?
_____ a. Yes
_____ b. No
51. If any or all of the above listed resources (question 49) were made available through a Web site on the Internet or a group of related Web sites, how likely would you be to utilize that information?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all likely | very likely |
52. Are you familiar with the Technical Working Group for Fire and Explosives Examination?
a. Yes _____
b. No _____
53. If you answered yes to question 52, how important is it to you to have a technical working group engage in the following activities?
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very |
_____ a. Publishing guidelines for explosives and fire debris analysis
_____ b. Validating guidelines for explosives and fire debris analysis
_____ c. Establishing national quality control standards
_____ d. Assisting explosives and fire debris laboratories in gaining ASCLD approval
_____ e. Maintaining Internet library or databases of explosives and fire debris analysis materials
_____ f. Promoting/offering continuing education courses in explosives and fire debris analysis
_____ g. Tracking and disseminating results of court cases involving explosives and fire debris analysis
_____ h. Promoting international participation in an explosives and fire debris analysis technical working group (TWG)
54. If you answered yes to question 52, please rate how useful you would find each of the following methods for disseminating information from TWG organizations.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all useful | very useful |
_____ a. Mailed information
_____ b. Phone calls
_____ c. Electronic mail
_____ d. Internet websites or databases
_____ e. Trade journals or newspapers
_____ f. Conference presentations
_____ g. Special seminars
_____ h. Association newsletters
55. Does your laboratory provide explosives and fire debris literature and publications for you to reference?
_____ a. Yes
_____ b. No
56. Rate each of the following statements as they apply to your laboratory or to you using the scale given below:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
not at all |
very |
_____ a. How sufficient are the explosives and fire debris publications provided by your laboratory?
_____ b. How interested would your laboratory be in receiving a library of ignitable liquid standards on a regular basis?
_____ c. How interested would your laboratory be in receiving a library of pyrolysis standards on a regular basis?______ d. How important do you feel it would be to have national standards for report writing?
_____ e. How important would it be to have a specific protocol for wording of both positive and negative samples?
_____ f. How important would it be to have a national database for chromatographic data for ignitable liquids?
_____ g. How important would it be to have a national source for ignitable liquid standards?
______ h. How interested are you in participating in the fire and explosives debris analysis technical working group?